摘 要：SP小沖桿試驗法在力學測試中得到了廣泛的發展和應用。用SP試驗法測得的小試樣的載荷-位移-試樣厚度變化曲線，通過類比分析以及半解析相結合的方法可以計算材料的特征常數：屈服極限、強度極限、斷裂韌性、轉變溫度和蠕變特性，并且從大量的試驗數據、理論模型和有限元計算模型來看，SP試驗法測得的結果與相應的大尺寸標準力學測試方法得到的數據有著直接的對應和轉換關系。介紹了該試驗方法的試驗技術、分析方法、研究進展及其應用，并分析了該試驗方法目前所存在的一些問題。
關鍵詞：小沖桿試驗法；性能測試；材料常數；斷裂韌性；蠕變特性
中圖分類號：O346.1+2， TH871.4 文獻標識碼：A
文章編號：1672-4984（2008）01-0010-05
Research and problems of small punch test method
ZHANG Xiao-liang1，2， WANG Zhao-xi2
（1.School of Electromechanical Engineering，Beijing Polytechnic College，Beijing 100042，China；
2.Department of Engineering Mechanics，Qinghua University，Beijing 100084，China）
Abstract: Small punch（SP） test method has been developed and applied widely in mechanical testing. With the SP test method. Variety curve about load-displacement-sample of miniaturized specimens had been gained. Characteristic constant of material could be gained by analogism and analytic method. Such as bended limit， intensity limit， rupture toughness， transition temperature， creeppage characteristic. The results from SP method and from standard test method were related together with the detailed experimental results and the theory models. Problems， methods， development and application about the standard SP test device were discussed.
Key words: Small punch； Capability testing； Constant of material； Rupture toughnes; Creeppage characteristic
